ถามกันเข้ามาเยอะว่า เมื่อทำการติดตั้งระบบโซล่าเซลล์ บนหลังคา ( Solar Rooftop ) แล้วเราต้องทำอะไรกับมันมั่ง ?
ค่าบำรุงรักษาแพงไม๊ ? ขอตารางการบำรุงรักษาหน่อย? ต้องทำ Thermo Scan ไม๊ ? ต้องวัด I-V Curve ทุกแผงไม๊ หรือต้องทำทุก String ไม๊ ? คิดค่าบำรุงรักษายังไง? ก็แค่ล้างแผงก้พอแล้วมั๊ง? ติดแล้วจะขึ้นไปล้างแผงยังไงหล่ะ? .......
และคำถามอีกสารพัด... อย่ากระนั้นเลย เอามาเขียนบอกทีเดียวตรงนี้เลยดีกว่า
อันดับแรก ขอแยกประเภทของการบำรุงรักษาเป็น 3 ประเภท คือ
1.ระบบโซล่าเซลล์ ขนาดเล็ก สำหรับครัวเรือนหรือบ้านพักอาศัย ขนาด 1 - 10 kWp.
2.ระบบโซล่าเซลล์ ขนาดใหญ่ สำหรับโรงงาน สำนักงาน หรือใช้ในเชิงพาณิชย์ ขนาดมากกว่า10 kWp. - 1,000 kWp.
3.ระบบโซล่าเซลล์ ขนาดใหญ่มาก สำหรับขายไฟฟ้า ส่วนใหญ่จะเป็นโซล่าฟาร์ม หรือติดตั้งบนพื้นดิน ขนาดมากกว่า 1,000 kWp. ขึ้นไป
จั่วหัวไว้หลายเพลาแล้ว ยังไม่ได้ฤกษ์ เขียนสักที
วันนี้ก็เลยเอาข้อมูลการ Operation & Maintennance ของต่างประเทศเค้าที่เรียบเรียง ไว้ดีมากครับ เป็นของ nrel.gov สำหรับผู้ที่สนใจก็ดาวน์โหลดได้ที่นี่ Best-Practices-in-PV-System-O&M by nrel.gov
ซึ่งทีมงานของโซล่าฮับ ก็นำข้อมูลจากชุดนี้แหละมาปรับใช้ให้เหมาะสมกับเมืองไทย และเหมาะสมกับลูกค้าแต่ละราย
อ้าว!เฮ้ย ไม่เหมือนที่คุยกันไว้... นึกว่าจะแปลมาให้เสร็จ >>> แหม่ ล๊วกเพ่ ลองตักแล้วเคี้ยวกินเองบ้างเถ๊อะ จะต้องให้ป้อนอีกรึ อิอิ...
>>>จริงๆแล้ว ก็จะรวบรวม สรุป เป็นภาษาไทยแหละครับ ติดตรงไม่มีเวลาเหลือพอ ต้องขอไปทำความจริง หล่อเลี้ยงชีวิตก่อนครับ ถ้าเวลามี อารมณ์ได้ ก็จะเรียบเรียงเป็นภาษาไทยให้ครับ <<<
แต่ก็ขอแค๊ปชั่น ตารางของเค้ามาให้ดูเป็นน้ำจิ้มครับ เพื่อบางท่านจะได้นำไปปรับใช้ให้เหมาะสมครับ
| Appendix B. Service Descriptions for Preventative | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Maintenance Selections Available in the PV O&M Cost Model Tool | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ACTIVITY AREA | COMPONENT | DESCRIPTION | INTERVAL | SERVICE PROVIDER | |||||||||||||||||
| Cleaning | PV Module General | Clean PV modules with plain water or mild dishwashing detergent. Do not use brushes, any types of solvents, abrasives, or harsh detergents. | Condition or study dependent | Module Cleaning | |||||||||||||||||
| Cleaning | PV Module | Snow Removal | Condition or study dependent | Module Cleaning | |||||||||||||||||
| Cleaning | PV Module | Dust: Agricultural /Industrial/Pollen Cleaning | Condition or study dependent | Module Cleaner | |||||||||||||||||
| Emergency Response | System | Contractor available by email and phone 24x7x365 | Ongoing | Journeyman Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | AC Wiring | Inspect electrical boxes for corrosion or intrusion of water or insects. Seal boxes if required. | Annual | Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | AC Wiring | Check position of disconnect switches and breakers. | Annual | Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | AC Wiring | Exercise operation of all protection devices. | Annual | Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | AC Wiring | AC disconnect box inspection | Annual | Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | DC Wiring | Test system grounding with "megger" | Annual | Journeyman Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | DC Wiring | Scan combiner boxes with Infrared camera to identify loose or broken connections | Annual | Journeyman Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | DC Wiring | Inspect cabling for signs of cracks, defects, pulling out of connections; overheating, arcing, short or open circuits, and ground faults. | Annual | Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | DC Wiring | Check proper position of DC disconnect switches. | Annual | Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| ACTIVITY AREA | COMPONENT | DESCRIPTION | INTERVAL | SERVICE PROVIDER | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | Combiner and Junction Boxes, DC Wiring | Open each combiner box and check that no fuses have blown and that all electrical connections are tight. Check for water incursion and corrosion damage. Use an infrared camera for identifying loose connections because they are warmer than good connections when passing current. | Annual | Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | DC Wiring | Look for any signs of intrusion by pests such as insects and rodents. Remove any nests from electrical boxes (junction boxes, pull boxes, combiner boxes) or around the array. Use safe sanitation practices because pests may carry disease. | Annual | Vermin Removal | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | Inverter | Observe instantaneous operational indicators on the faceplate of the inverter to ensure that the amount of power being generated is typical of the conditions. Compare current readings with diagnostic benchmark. Inspect Inverter housing or shelter for physical maintenance required if present | Monthly | Inspection | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | Monitoring | Spot-check monitoring instruments (pyranometer, etc.) with hand-held instruments to ensure that they are operational and within specifications. | Annual | PV Module/Array Specialist | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | PV Array | Test open circuit voltage of series strings of modules | Annual | Journeyman Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | PV Array | Check all hardware for signs of corrosion, and remove rust and re- paint if necessary. | Annual | Mechanical Technician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | PV Array | Walk through each row of the PV array and check the PV modules for any damage. Report any damage to rack and damaged modules for warranty replacement. Note location and serial number of questionable modules. | Annual | PV Module/Array Specialist | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | PV Array | Inspect ballasted, non-penetrating mounting system for abnormal movement | Annual | Mechanic | |||||||||||||||||
| ACTIVITY AREA | COMPONENT | DESCRIPTION | INTERVAL | SERVICE PROVIDER | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | PV Array | Determine if any new objects, such as vegetation growth, are causing shading of the array and move them if possible. Remove any debris from behind collectors and from gutters. | Annual | Tree Trimming | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | PV Module | Use infrared camera to inspect for hot spots; bypass diode failure | Annual | PV Module/Array Specialist | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | Transformer | Inspect transformer meter, oil and temperature gauges, include housing container, or concrete housing if presentment | Annual | Journeyman Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | Controller | Check electrical connection and enclosure for tracking motor/controller | Annual | Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | Motor | Check electrical connections | Annual | Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | DC Wiring | Check grounding braids for wear | Annual | Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | Transformer | Transformer/switchgear inspection | Electrician | ||||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | Tracker | Anenometer Inspection | Annual | Inspector | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | Tracker | Driveshaft torque check & visual inspection | Annual | Mechanical Technician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | Tracker | Inclinometer inspection | Annual | Mechanical Technician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | Tracker | Limit switch inspection | Annual | Mechanical Technician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | Tracker | Module table inspection | Annual | Mechanical Technician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | Tracker | Screw jack inspection | Bi-annual | Mechanical Technician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | Tracker | Slew gear torque check & wear inspection | Bi-annual | Mechanical Technician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | Tracker | Torque inspection | Annual | Mechanical Technician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | Tracker | Tracking controller inspection | Annual | Mechanical Technician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | Tracker | Universal joint inspection, gears, gear boxes, bearings as required or documented by manufacturer | Annual | Mechanical Technician | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | PV module | PV module torque check & visual inspection | 5 years | PV Module/Array specialist | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | PV Module | Racking torque check and inspection | 5 years | PV Module/Array Specialist | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | PV Module | Inspection: corrosion and encapsulate yellowing | Annual | PV Module/Array Specialist | |||||||||||||||||
| ACTIVITY AREA | COMPONENT | DESCRIPTION | INTERVAL | SERVICE PROVIDER | |||||||||||||||||
| Inspection | PV Module | Galvanization inspection | Annual | PV Module/Array Specialist | |||||||||||||||||
| Management | Asset Management | Daily Operations and Performance Monitoring | Ongoing | Admin Asst. | |||||||||||||||||
| Management | Asset Management | Monitor alarms and site-specific alert parameters | As needed | Journeyman Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| Management | Asset Management | Manage inventory of spare parts | As needed | Journeyman Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| Management | Asset Management | Monitoring annual service package | Ongoing | Admin Asst. | |||||||||||||||||
| Management | Documents | Document all O&M activities in a workbook available to all service personnel | Ongoing | Admin Asst. | |||||||||||||||||
| Management | Documents | Confirm availability and take any measures to secure operating instructions, warranties and performance guarantees, and other project documentation. | Monthly | Admin Asst. | |||||||||||||||||
| Management | Documents | Review O&M agreements and ensure that services are actually provided | As needed | Admin Asst. | |||||||||||||||||
| Management | Documents | Update record with preventative maintenance activities and track any problems or warranty issues and secure the record onsite. | Ongoing | Admin Asst. | |||||||||||||||||
| Management | Documents | Meet with key site staff to continue awareness, question any issues, and report on findings. | Annual | Inspection | |||||||||||||||||
| Management | Meter | Maintain a log of cumulative power delivery (kWh to date) and chart this value against date. Chart the value even for uneven or infrequent intervals. Explain variation by season or weather. | Monthly | Admin Asst. | |||||||||||||||||
| Management | Electrical | Electrical labor mobilization | Annual | Master Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| Management | Mechanical | Mechanical labor mobilization | Annual | Admin Asst. | |||||||||||||||||
| Management | IT | Check central SCADA/network manager, include software IT and IT hardware updates as required | Annual | IT Specialist | |||||||||||||||||
| Service | AC Wiring | Re-torque all electrical connections on AC side of system. | Annual | Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| ACTIVITY AREA | COMPONENT | DESCRIPTION | INTERVAL | SERVICE PROVIDER | |||||||||||||||||
| Service | DC Wiring | Re-torque all electrical connections in combiner box | Annual | Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| Service | Instruments | Exchange or re-calibrate instruments | As per manuf. | Journeyman Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| Service | Inverter | Replace transient voltage surge suppression devices | As per manuf. | Journeyman Electrician | |||||||||||||||||
| Service | Inverter | Install any recent software upgrades to inverter programming or data acquisition and monitoring systems | 5 years | Inverter Specialist | |||||||||||||||||
| Service | Inverter | Clean (vacuum) dust from heat rejection fins | Annual | Inverter Specialist | |||||||||||||||||
| Service | Inverter | Replace any air filters on air-cooled equipment such as inverter. | As needed | Inverter Specialist | |||||||||||||||||
| Service | PV Array | Remove bird nests from array and rack area. | Annual | Vermin Removal | |||||||||||||||||
| Service | PV Array | Nesting vermin removal, nesting vermin prevention | Annual | Vermin Removal | |||||||||||||||||
| Service | Tracker | Lubricate tracker mounting bearings/gimbals as required by manufacturer | Annual | Mechanical Technician | |||||||||||||||||
| Service | Tracker | Lubricate gearbox as required by manufacturer | Bi-annual | Mechanical Technician | |||||||||||||||||
| Service | Tracker | Screw jack greasing as required by manufacturer | Bi-annual | Mechanical Technician | |||||||||||||||||
| Service | Tracker | Slew gear lubrication as required by manufacturer | 3 years | Mechanical Technician | |||||||||||||||||
| Service | Tracker | Universal joint greasing (zerk fitting) as required by manufacturer | Bi-annual | Mechanical Technician | |||||||||||||||||
| Testing | Documents | Perform performance test: measure incident sunlight and simultaneously observe temperature and energy output. Calculate PV module efficiency as a function of temperature and calculate the balance-of-system efficiency. Compare readings with diagnostic benchmark (original efficiency of system). | Annual | PV Module/Array Specialist | |||||||||||||||||
| Testing | Inverter | Test overvoltage surge suppressors in inverter | 5 Years | Inverter Specialist | |||||||||||||||||
| ACTIVITY AREA | COMPONENT | DESCRIPTION | INTERVAL | SERVICE PROVIDER | |||||||||||||||||
| Testing | PV Module | Test output of modules that exhibit cracked glass, bubble formation oxidation of busbars, discoloration of busbars, or PV module hot spots (bypass diode failure) | Annual | PV Module/Array Specialist | |||||||||||||||||
| Testing | PV Module | Test modules showing corrosion of ribbons to junction box | Annual | PV Module/Array Specialist | |||||||||||||||||